by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 2002 | Texts in English
1. The Albanian mafia: a real mafia at the heart of the Balkans? At the end of 1999, the daily newspaper “Koha Ditore” decided to break the law of silence: “Drugs are flowing into Kosovo where we are witnessing the birth of a powerful mafia...
by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 2002 | Texts in English
There is a major difference between the challenge posed nowadays by international crime and that posed by our former enemies. Generally speaking, nations are not permanently in a state of war. Even during the long drawn out cold war, when cooperation was impossible,...
by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 1999 | Texts in English
1 – Radically different hybrid terrorist movements As we approach the XXIst century, terrorism is no longer a marginal, localised, problem for our governments, but has become a major security priority. Terrorism today is all-invasive – every day,...
by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 1998 | Texts in English
I- The Heart of the Matter Are the “New Threats” Really New? When confronted with something new, people always tend to waver between two reactions. The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu summed it up brilliantly : “the illusion of ’never seen it...
by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 1996 | Texts in English
March 1993, Bombay, India : car, motorcycle and suitcase-bombs explode at noon in the business district. An unprecedented massacre, worldwide : 320 dead, 1200 injured within an hour. The perpetrators of the carnage are not “conventional” terrorists, but...
by Xavier Raufer | 1 January 1995 | Texts in English
In Europe, the Kurdistan Worker’s Party, or PKK, is the most famous of these hybrid entities combining a “political” appearance (national liberation, independence) and a criminal reality : terrorism and narco-trafficking. But the PKK is in no way an...